Techniques and Methods for Detection and Diagnosis of Oral Premalignant and Malignant Lesions
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oral cancer has a tendency to be detected at late stage which is detrimental to the patients because of its high mortality and morbidity rates. Early detection of oral cancer is therefore important to reduce the burden of this devastating disease.
AIM: The aim of this article is to evaluate the diagnostic tools and methods in detection of the premalignant and malignant oral lesions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The systematic literature review was completed using the electronic database PubMed. Studies which met the inclusion criterion were English studies conducted between 1966, through 2014. Main search terms were: "oral premalignant, oral cancer, visual adjustments and molecular biological markers". We included late-breaking reports that had been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. We excluded articles that were statements of expert opinion, as we did articles not involving human subjects.
RESULTS: Of most commonly used techniques and diagnostic tests, vital tissue staining showed a sensitivity of 93.5% - 97.8% and slightly lower specificity of 73.3% - 92.9%. The use of modern tools for visualization of tissue aberrations, showed a sensitivity of 30% and specificity of 63%.
CONCLUSION: Oral cytology, pathohistological findings, molecular biological investigations, as well as the use of sophisticated visual tools in detection of the suspect oral lesions, is thought that will upgrade the early diagnosis and make the interpretation of the findings far more secure than before.Downloads
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